Phonology and graphy

Vowels

Phoneme Grapheme
/a/ ⟨a⟩
/e/ ⟨é⟩
/ɛ/ ⟨è⟩
/o/ ⟨o⟩
/ø/ ⟨ö⟩
/y/ ⟨û⟩

Consonnats

Phoneme Grapheme
/k/ ⟨c⟩
/g/ ⟨g⟩
/t/ ⟨t⟩
/d/ ⟨d⟩
/p/ ⟨p⟩
/b/ ⟨b⟩
/ʃ/ ⟨ch⟩
/ʒ/ ⟨j⟩
/s/ ⟨s⟩
/z/ ⟨z⟩
/n/ ⟨g⟩
/m/ ⟨m⟩
/ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩
/r/ ⟨r⟩
/j/ ⟨y⟩
/w/ ⟨w⟩
/ɥ/ ⟨ü⟩

Syllabic structure

The syllabic structure of jéyûng is quite simple: CV, CV(Cnasal)# and #V.

a é è o ö û
a é è o ö û
c ca cé cè co cö cû
g ga gé gè go gö gû
ng nga ngé ngè ngo ngö ngû
t ta té tè to tö tû
d da dé dè do dö dû
z za zé zè zo zö zû
s sa sé sè so sö sû
p pa pé pè po pö pû
b ba bé bè bo bö bû
r ra ré rè ro rö rû
ch cha ché chè cho chö chû
j ja jé jè jo jö jû
n na né nè no nö nû
m ma mé mè mo mö mû
w wa wé wè wo wö wû
ü üa üé üè üo üö üû

Dictionary

Word Translation POS Supplement

Verbal morphology

Link to the verb conjugator.
Jéyûng verbal morphology is an agglutinative system, where morphemes indicating tense, aspect, mood and person are suffixed to the verbal root.
Only some of these suffixes are considered mandatory in regular speech and writing, most being either inferred from context, or unneeded in non-ambiguous contexts.
Of the suffixes, only the tense and person suffixes are needed. The presence of subject personnal pronouns in a sentence always denote the imperative. In these cases, the person suffixes are usually omitted in non-formal contexts where the imperative is used to give orders (rather than suggestions, instructions, etc.).

The relative order of suffixes is fixed and goes thus:

root - theme - tense - aspect - mood - person

Verbal root and theme

The dictionatry entry for a verb gives its root, that is the lexical morpheme to wich are attached the a myriad suffixes.
This root is unusable as is and it must at least be given a theme vowel. This theme vowel is either ö or û depending on the syntaxic context of the verb. If the verb is to be used in a transitive way, its theme vowel is -û. If the verb appears in an intransitive sentence, its theme vowel is -ö.
A verb with its theme vowel is the smallest acceptable verbal morpheme, though an infinitive suffixe -m is often used as a means of disambiguation with possible deverbal noun forms.

Verb tense

The tense morphology of Jéyûng is rather simple, being comprised of only three tenses: past, present and future.
Each of these tenses is assigned a unique, mandatory suffix.
Past: -zé
Present: -pa
Future: -jû

Subject personnal suffixes

This aspect of verbal morphology is better presented with a table:

Singular Plural
First person -zè -zö
Second person -ngè -ngö
Third person -bè -bö

Because these suffixes are very distinct from each other, subject personnal pronouns have become redundant and are used to indicate the imperative mood.

Verbal aspect

There are only two aspect markings: perfect (-ra) and imperfect (-üö) though the imperfect has become more and more unused.

Ön mara chpa

Basic nominal morphology: cases

Jéyûng has 5 cases: nominative, accusatif, dative, genitive and locative.
These cases are not marked by affixing the noun but via the nominal determiner.
Jéyûng has a lot of nominal determiners, able to express a wide variety of ways to envision the noun.
Determiners are mandatory in most situation as they are the only indicator of case and thus, syntactic structure, as word order is quiete free.
Determiners are consonnantic patterns and have their vowels vary depending on case.

Examples:
[Ön mara]S chûpabè [an zotû]O.
The cat eats the mouse.

[ön Marie ûn mara]S chaböpabè on téng.
Marie's cat is sleeping on the mat.

Computer related vocabulary

Jéyûng word English
Dûüam Folder/directory
Wöco File
Sûm an Wöco (saw) Change directory (cd)
Pacûm To display smth (acc) on a screen/smth (dat)